Deciphering Memory John Adams And Authorship Of The...

In this paper, I wanted to review â€Å"Deciphering Memory: John Adams and the Authorship of the Declaration of Independence† by Robert E. McGlone. Many people knew that Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. John Adams was one of the people who supported Independence and signed his name on the Declaration of Independence. From this article, I understood that memory could help people to find the truth. In the article, the author used lots resource and the pictures to explain that John Adams could remembers all experiences in his life and he had an authority to write a draft of theDeclaration of Independence.Because the Congress approved Jefferson’s idea, no people were curious about the draft and how many people were involved to plan for the draft. The author’s purpose was arguing that people’s memories could explain the facts in their life. McGlone wanted to let reader knew that memories was a key to solve some mysterious things. In this essay, he argued that recent advances in cognitive psychology have cracked open a code book that historians can use, even on memories two hundred years old. I believe that the author did not challenge for the historical viewpoint. As similar as other article I had read, McGlone just use lots of sources to support his argument. First source:â€Å"In a letter dated August 22, 1822, to the once-mistrusted Timothy Pickering, Adams recalled that he and Jefferson had formed a subcommittee to draft a declaration of independence.

Leadership transformation Free Essays

The authors determined that team values are an influencing factor, which has an effect on the team member’s response o the transformational leader, and in turn to the team’s performance. Research question(s) (Article 1) What questions(s) does the author present? Hypothesis 1. â€Å"Mediated moderation exists when the Interaction between two variables (diversity and transformational leadership) affects a mediator, which then affects a dependent variable† (Morgan-Lopez MacKinnon, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership transformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hypothesis 2. Task-relevant information has an effect on the relationship between leader and follower performance with regards to the team’s educational diversity, age, and nationality. Hypotnesls 3. How tne team views Olverslty 0T Tellow team memoers ana leader as a â€Å"collective† team in regards to performing as a team. Research Question(s) (Article 2) How does the subordinate’s performance have anything to do with the leader’s values and behaviors? Do transformational leaders enhance team performance? The â€Å"transformational leader inspires others to go beyond self-interest, impressions, and limitations in order to motivate followers to become more effective in reaching common goals† (Bass, Avolio, Jung, ; Berson, 2003). The authors focus on team alues, and the effect that those values have on the performance of the team by comparing and contrasting results from results of study done on team members in the United States and Hong Kong. Literature Review —How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used? How to cite Leadership transformation, Papers

Behaviorist and Constructivist Learning Theory

Question: Discuss about the Behaviorist and Constructivist Learning Theory. Answer: Introduction The approach of learning is based on what we use and what we find things happen in the environment. Theories assist in explaining the best approaches which learners can used to get full knowledge form their instructors (Kim, 2014). The behaviors of a student determine what he or she can learn from the environment. The teaching methods of Behaviorist have a tendency to depend on drill and skill exercises to offer the steady repeat important for successful reinforcement of feedback patterns. However, the mental models assist physical and cognitive relations with artifacts, environment and even other people. Individual mental models are framed by individuals attributes, professionals in diverse domains and their beliefs (Burton et al., 2015). Social cognitive theory, mental models and social behaviorism theory are addressed in the essay on how they can best assist students to learn in class and even in outside class. It is based on the fact that students learn by observing what other people are doing. Individuals can observe a conduct presented by others, and then replicate those deeds. This is frequently portrayed via modeling of behaviors. When individuals see victorious exhibition of a behavior, also they can successfully complete the behavior. The learned behaviors can focus on the individuals personality. Individuals learn through looking what others are doing with environment, cognition and behavior (Burton et al., 2015). All are main factors in influencing the development in a reciprocal triadic association. The behavior which is witnessed by the learner can change the way he or she thinks and the surrounding which one is raised have an influence in future behaviors (Young et al.,2016). For a student, it means that what we observed in school and all the surroundings we live assist us in learning new things. However, what our instructors do is also students learning platforms. The practical done by instructors assist us to learn principles of the course being taught (Cheng, Chu, 2014). In addition, for most of the students who are raised in cities, it is better for them to grasp current ideas as compared to those who are not (Lent, Brown, 2013). This is because rural and urban areas are different places which have different experiences. For instance, a learner in urban areas can easily know what a car is because lots of cars are found in cities contrary to a learner who is at rural areas where a car is rare to cross. In addition, for different language speakers, an African child raised in America will quickly understands English than the one raised in Africa. Even in future, the language accent of the two children will be different due to the two different environments. However, this theory does not offer a full clarification of how social cognition, behavior, environment, and personal ity are linked (Conklin, et al., 2013). Due of this, it can be hard to measure the consequence thatsocial cognitionhas on development. Behaviorist theory When seen from the behaviorist viewpoint, the movement of ideas from instructor to student is fundamentally the transfer of the feedback suitable to some stimulus. Consequently, education aims to offer the learner the proper range of behavioral feedback to particular stimuli and to strengthen those responses via a successful reinforcement program (Burton et al., 2015). A successful reinforcement schedule needs reliable reiteration of small, continuous patterns of responsibilities; and progressive positive course of action. Devoid of positive support, cultured responses shall speedily be wiped out. It is due the fact that students will change their conduct till they obtain some affirmative reinforcement (Mason, 2013). Behaviorists clarify encouragement basing on schedules of affirmative and unconstructive strength. By getting pellets of food each and every period it pecks at a knob pigeon gets a lesson and knowledge to peck the knob again for food. Pleasing encounters influence students to develop the preferred links flanked by definite stimuli and the suitable feedback (Raiola, 2014). For instance, a learner who get oral commend and quality grades for accurate answers and this is positive reinforcement is possible to learn the very answers successfully; the learner who gets little or response for similar response which is negative reinforcement will be less expected to learn them as efficiently (Krasnegor et al.,2013). Similarly, students have a tendency to keep away from feedbacks that are linked with punishment or repulsive implications like poor grades or poor comment. The teaching methods of Behaviorist tend to depend on drill and skill practices to offer the steady reiteration essential for successful support of feedback patterns. Additional techniques are quiz and answer method in which quizes are of steadily mounting complexity; guided exercise; and usual comments of the tool. The techniques of behaviorist also classically depend greatly on the utilization of affirmative compliments like as good grades, verbal commend and prizes (Sidney, 2015). They assess the level of learning using models that determine evident behavior like performance in exam. Teaching of methods Behaviorist have established most triumphant in points where there is accurate feedback or else simply memorized material. Just for instance, even as behaviorist theories have established to be flourishing in instructing planned material like formulae and details, scientific ideas, and alien language terms, their efficiency in instructing composition, understanding and systematic c apabilities is questionable. Mental models These are key ideas in each and every discipline where each idea is a model on how world really works which can be utilized to comprehend and solve issues and also predict probable results (Burton et al., 2015). As a student it is bests to learn many mental models to a point one understands them fully. Other needs one to deeply comprehend them that one can start a connection between them. Mental models involve learning big ideas in main disciplines to an extent that they are in a mental latticework within the head of the student will then utilize them for the rest of life. These models allow us to come up with better decisions as students and scramble out of bad situations (Gentner Stevens, 2014). Mental model with other people facilitates physical and cognitive interactions with artifacts, environment and even other people. Individual mental models are shaped by individuals attributes, expertise in diverse domains and their beliefs. Predictive functions assist in solving issues in the situation of novels. The approach is not always logical. This is because mental models contain beliefs, mental images propositions and abstractions. If the mental model used is correct, its predictive power should be great and people can examine the plausibility of probable solutions. Seeking for solutions in learning languages and reasoning needs learners to link various mental models developed. The control functions offer area to develop decisions and also control and monitor behavior. Mental models are just that individuals have in their minds and what normal direct their use of things. When instructors are introducing new concepts in class which students are working hard to grasp, they have to run and retrieve mental models which have concepts, ideas, past lesson strategies (Martignoni et al., 2016). The best and successful experiences of the teacher which can be retrieved mean that mental models can be managed to adapt the phenomena of environment and also ensure successful search of new knowledge to the mental models that exist. By running mental models, those learners who normally perform poor can be controlled because as opposed to some other cognitive structures they have capability to deal with language understanding situations. The diagnostic functions of the mental models ensure that the learner develops meta-cognitive awareness and some guidance has to be needed for the learner to go via perturbation. In addition, mental models assist in memory and thought. They are permanent and transient due to their existence of long term memory and working memory. Many mental models can be run together and bring a better understanding. The ways which an individuals connects the related areas of mental models rely on the network of similar understanding. However, the way learners retrieves the needed mental model will rely on the efficiency of the process of storage and also the appropriateness of the perceived relationships. In addition, mental models can be affected by diverse factors such as the meta-ability of learner and also their efficient working memory (Martignoni et al., 2016). The consequences of mental models have been found to lie within the students. If he learner is not in position to link his or her models well in class, it it means the no concept will be exercised. Conclusions Learning is a process which involves lots of approaches. The use of theories to develop learning process is crucial step in making sure that students and other learners acquire knowledge. The teaching methods of Behaviorist tend to depend on skill and drill practices to offer the steady reiteration essential for successful support of feedback sequences. Mental models involve learning big ideas in main disciplines to an extent that they are in a mental latticework within the head of the student will then utilize them for the rest of life. However, social cognitive model is based on the fact that people learn by observing what other people are doing. Individuals can observe a behavior presided by others, and repeat those actions. It is frequently exhibited via framing of behaviors. These models allow us to come up with better decisions as students and scramble out of bad situations. References Burton, L., Westen, D., Kowalski, R. (2015). Psychology (4th Australian and New Zealand ed.) Cheng, P. Y., Chu, M. C. (2014). Behavioral factors affecting students intentions to enroll in business ethics courses: A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory using self-identity as a moderator.Journal of business ethics,124(1), 35-46. Conklin, A. M., Dahling, J. J., Garcia, P. A. (2013). Linking affective commitment, career self-efficacy, and outcome expectations: A test of social cognitive career theory.Journal of Career Development,40(1), 68-83. Herrington, J., Reeves, T. C., Oliver, R. (2014). Authentic learning environments. InHandbook of research on educational communications and technology(pp. 401-412). Springer New York. Kim, M. S. (2014). Doing social constructivist research means making empathic and aesthetic connections with participants.European Early Childhood Education Research Journal,22(4), 538-553. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: Toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span.Journal of counseling psychology,60(4), 557. Gentner, D., Stevens, A. L. (2014).Mental models. Psychology Press. Martignoni, D., Menon, A., Siggelkow, N. (2016). Consequences of misspecified mental models: Contrasting effects and the role of cognitive fit.Strategic Management Journal. Mason, S. A. (2013). Behaviorist Theory. InEncyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders(pp. 449-451). Springer New York. Sidney, P. F. (2015). Evaluating a Behaviorist and Constructivist Learning Theory for 21st Century Learners. Krasnegor, N. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., Schiefelbusch, R. L., Studdert-Kennedy, M. (2013).Biological and behavioral determinants of language development. Psychology Press. Raiola, G. (2014). Motor control and learning skills according to cognitive and ecological dynamic approach in a vision on behaviorism, cognitive, Gestalt and phenomenology theories.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(15), 504.

Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary free essay sample

In 2000, the Arlington Police Department received information stating that Earnest Leon Voyles had exchanged emails that contained sexual content with a fifteen year old girl from London, England. According to this informant the fifteen year old girl, â€Å"Amy Chang†, had been solicited for sex by Voyles and had arranged to meet with her in London to engage in a sexual relationship. Sergeant James Crouch of the Arlington Police Department was unsuccessful in contacting â€Å"Amy Chang† to verify the arrangement but was not successful, however, he was successful in verifying that Voyles was working as a teacher at a junior high located in Arlington, Texas. Working with the information provided by the informant, Sergeant Crouch, sent an email to Voyles describing himself as a fifteen year old girl named â€Å"C. J. Best† on December 28, 2000. In this email â€Å"C. J. Best† told Voyless that she was looking for a new chat buddy and that she had gotten his address through some friends and that she lived in Forth Worth, Texas. We will write a custom essay sample on Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About two and a half hours later Voyles responded to the email indicating that he was interested in being chat buddies with â€Å"C. J. Best. † On January 19, 2001, after several emails were exchanged between Voyles and â€Å"Best† Sergeant Crouch obtained search warrants for Voyles home and work computers where the Arlington Police Department found and â€Å"seized child pornography off the hard drives of each unit. Voyles was charged and indicted for possession of child pornography which is a third degree felony. In 2002, alleging that the evidence that the Arlington Police Department obtained from both his home and work computers was inadmissible claiming an unlawful search and seizure in violation of the First and Fourth Amendments to the United States Constitution and article I of the Texas Constitution, Voyles filed a motion to suppress. The Fourth Amendment and Article I of the Texas Constitution provides that a defendant has standing to challenge the admission of evidence obtained by an intrusion by the government or a private individual only if he had a legitimate expectation of privacy in the place invaded. Although the trial court granted Voyles’s motion to suppress all of the evidence from his home computer they denied his motion to suppress the evidence obtained on his work computer; stating that the evidence was admissible because Voyles â€Å"had no reasonable expectation of rivacy in his work computer. † Although Voyles stated that he took precautions to prevent others from accessing or viewing items on his work computer the State argued that he had no expectation of privacy because the computer was owned by the school district, was located in a public classroom that was designed not only for teaching students, but was designed to be available for use by substitute teachers. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has articulated several factors as relevant in determining if the defendant’s subjective expectation is recognized as objectively reasonable, most notably, â€Å"whether he had complete dominion or control and the right to exclude others† from the information on the computer and the use of the computer. As stated earlier, because the computer was owned by the Arlington School District, Voyles clearly did not have complete dominion or control over the computer or the files located on the hard drive of the computer. The court also brought up the fact that the computer was placed in the classroom by the school district for classroom laboratory work related purposes that allowed Voyles to teach his students about computers; not for Voyles’s personal or private use. Considering all of this information Voyles failed to establish a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding his work computer and the data stored in it. He could not contest the admission of the evidence seized from his work computer or the affidavit executed to support the search warrant that authorized the search of his school computer; a computer that despite not allowing someone else to use or even by placing a password on could still be used by students or substitute teachers through the assistance of the Information Technology Department.

The Life of Christine De Pisan

The Life of Christine De Pisan Free Online Research Papers Few can rival Christine de Pisan’s success in writing. A woman in the early 1300’s and late 1400’s, she challenged the social standards of women in France. Her unprecedented work showed critics that women are just as intelligent as men, and are entitled to their own political opinions. De Pisan was born in 1363, the daughter of Tommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano, an Italian scholar. He was an appointed scholar and physician of the court of Charles V of France. In 1369, a very young De Pisan and her mother moved to live with him, where he taught her many subjects such as literature and the sciences, despite her mother’s opposition. She also had access to the family’s expansive library. In 1389, De Pisan wed Etienne du Castel, a lesser member of the French court that her father had known since she was a born. Though she was only fifteen years old, and he was twenty-four, they shared a marriage of mutual respect for one another. Castel supported De Pisan and encouraged her academic growth. The couple had three children; a daughter in 1381 who would later become a nun, a son who died in infancy, and a second son in 1385 who was raised by the Earl of Salisbury. In 1380, tragedy struck Christine de Pisan and her family. Charles V died and her father was dismissed from the French court. Not long afterwards, he grew ill and passed away. In 1389, her husband died of the bubonic plague. The death of her father and husband left De Pisan with several debts and two children to support. Rather than remarry, Christine de Pisan chose instead to use writing to support herself. During this time, intellectuals of the period popularized an argument on the role of women in society. Christine de Pisan wrote several responses on this argument, among which were the slightly humorous The Epistle to the God of Love, The Tale of the Rose, and possibly her most influential work, The City of Ladies. The City of Ladies was a collection of the stories of notable women in history, as well as a discussion on he role of women in society and their lack of education. Her later writings focused almost entirely on politics of the time. She frequently wrote of restoring peace to the French kingdom. De Pisan’s last work was a narrative account on Joan of Arc, celebrating her achievements at Orleans, as well as praising her dedication to Christianity. In 1431, Christine de Pisan passed away at the age of ninety-six. She is considered one of the greatest writers of the time period and the first feminist author, a well-deserved title. Research Papers on The Life of Christine De PisanQuebec and CanadaThe Fifth HorsemanBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Assignment for International Economic Relations Lecture

Assignment for International Economic Relations lecture Topic:Milton Friedman as the criticised economic agitator which has chances to succeed In my opinion, things which are fascinating in the economy for people without more than average knowledge about this science are not elaborate models, taxation or tariff systems. Really captivating issue for ordinary man is a picture of economy as a metaphysical force which rules our lives. In this context it is a reasonable tool for explaining global processes. Somehow, we should be a little skeptical, because it is quite dangerous to think that one and only impact on world society is supply and demand rule. In my essay I would like to focus on the understanding and the idea of world which Milton Friedman offered in the book „Free to Choose†. In the reality as he presented it there are two categories of action- according to â€Å"real economics† and against it. That real and good economics is a set of actions, but also lack of any action, which are undertaken for purely economical reasons. One should emphasize that Friedman sees economics as overwhelming power which, in terms of the effectiveness and the profit, is the best solution. As an example he is points to ZSSR- an opposite of the model to free economics. In his view commonwealth with the planned economy would be in even worse condition if it werent for the elements of drawing aside from the Marxist ideology in the direction of the capitalism. American economist illustrates the way in which the system works by describing the situation of the Soviet citizen who is decides to break the principles of soviet economy. He is handing the washing machine over to the national point of repair illegally. He is paying more, but repair is done without the queue and he has his working washing machine in the short time. What is more a mechanic from the national point of repair gets some additional earnings. Both benefit from that transaction, which is a pure example of capitalistic way of handling business , all that happening in the center of gravity of a planned economy. Friedman is also assigning a very important role to the price as the notifying, stimulating and regulating factor. One should add typical Smiths attitude to the role of the government presented in the epitaph for Hong Kong of the end of years 80, written in the same spirit. My point is not to report Friedmans ideas, as I think that what he presents to his readers is not only the image of economics. I can see it more as the program, desired state of affairs. In my mind a Nobel Prize winner in field of economics from the year 1976 is in a way reminding of Karol Marx. Despite the fact that the Communist Manifesto is from other times and presents the opposite ides, I could say it uses similar rhetoric. As a matter of fact the American economist is scoring the program of the co-founder of the International Workingmens Association, as if he wanted to show that the capitalism won already as the best economic system, now is the time for it to become the leading ideology. Finding support in such attributes as the freedom, the equality in the access to goods explicitly in the context of the economic system is making the text of Friedman agitational. In the following part of the essay I will be trying to confront utilitarian (or even Utopian) vision of Friedman with views of other economic minds. It is probably the best to argue against Milton Friedmans theory by using the achievements of the school of John Maynard Keynes. It is obvious that the British scholar sees the role of the government and the state rather differently. Keynes wants administration to take care of citizens in the full-time manner, rather than only as a night watchman. However he agrees with the global scope of economics. According to him the domestic production depends on the world demand, and unemployment is an effect of the insufficient demand. When comparing the two points of view I shall focus on the vivid aspects. There is a method of the psychoanalysis with the colloquial name „ dictator †. The test examines 2 persons- one is assigned to be a dictator receives for example 100 dollars. He is supposed to share money with the second person, so that the other accepts the exchange. If the second person agrees on the division of money, the amounts are given to the participants. If the division wont be accepted money is coming back to researchers. It isnt possible to negotiate and the second person knows what amount the dictator has at his disposal. Supposedly the situation is simple- the second person should agree to accept any amount the dictator offers, as it would always result in the intrinsic gain for him. Meanwhile, 69% of people for which the suggested amount stayed from 1 to 3. 7 dollar decided not to agree for the division. Dictators most often pay amounts between 28 and 44 dollars. It is one of many undoubted proofs for the fact that people do not always act reasonably and according to the spirit of economics. Adam Smith wrote, that the exchange between sides based on the principle of the freedom would take place exclusively when both sides will recognize it as profitable. How can receiving 3 dollars for nothing not be recognized as profitable? It turns out that there is something else apart from the profit as understood by Friedman. In „Free is Choose† and „The Essence of Friedman„ is summoning the famous Leonard E. Reads pencil, of which „ no man knows how to make a it†. Read is describing all stages of the coming into existence of the pencil, with a broad spectrum. The pencil â€Å"is saying† that thanks to the function of price none of the buyer is interested in a aspect who is getting the graphite: believer of the Yahweh or the Allah and whether Americans or Japanese people cut the trees down. The whole matter is showing itself not to be so simple and that is why nobody is registering international price of pencils, and more a barrel of oil concerns us. Furthermore an example of the â€Å"dictator† shows that the point of reference is extremely important in making economic decisions. Not to search far, let us take the example of the European Union, which ideology is more related to Keynes than Friedman. What I mean is the Union as the institution bristling with the customs, rates, and artificial subsidies of Community economies. After all opening to other markets, with cheap products (provided it is not dealing with the dumping) should benefit the EU. Isnt it a fact that the more participants in the free global exchange, the more effective the economy is? We, Europeans prefer to pay extra for â€Å"our† grain, by subsidizing it, rather than allow for goods from Africa. Maybe the explanation for this is the fact that we are aware that even tough the profit is less, it stays within European economy, and does not allow inhabitants of Africa to make comparatively higher profit. It is worthwhile to mention the opponent of classical economics and the self-regulation of the world market. Karl Polanyi regarded specific business activity and its rooting in the culture together with the historical moment and the social situation as the main factors influencing the shape of the economy(„ The Great Transformation †). According to Polanyiego economic transactions are not as much guided by receiving an economic or financial benefit as they are aimed at supporting and refreshing norms and social values. He found global markets moving on into the side of the laissez-faire, the main reason for the atomization of the society and the breakdown of social bonds. From the other side Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto is slightly narrowing the issues. He definitely rejects the argumentation of supporters of liberal economics, who claim that capitalism is not working in some countries (e. g. South America) due to cultural differences. He regards these views as offensive and unconvincing. In his „ The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else †, he highlights the inborn feature of entrepreneurship of inhabitants of countries which find it difficult to function as the free market economy. De Soto claims that the poor men of noncapitalistic world have significant amounts of the saving which are being estimated to account for as much as forty-fold the entire foreign help from 1945 to 2000 r. The Peruvian can see the problem in the lack transparency of these goods. The wealth which people have from outside of the range of capitalism, is not circulating in the worlds economy. It is not possible to take a loan or to pawn the central mortgage with the help of these assets. For de Soto capital is not only a transparentness. The secret of Capital lies in abilities of people of capitalist systems which can see living their wealths which they can invest as a living capital. For them it works already on the principle of the unconditioned reflex, however the rest of the world is left with the dead capital and not being able to invest it. Here Hernando de Soto is seeking the cause of the poverty. I will devote the last paragraph to the quite obvious accusation, that in the model of Friedman there is no such an instrument like social benefits. The government, which is not helping poor men to rise their quality of living and help become economically active or in more extreme cases giving them a chance to survive, seems worthless. Apart from that, words about equality of opportunities and of the access to goods, seem to be empty words in the context of a society diversified in terms of wealth from the assumption. It is not difficult to attack Milton Friedman and his views. Equally easily like Karol Marks and his social and economic model . After all in the communism a logical cohesion and an adequacy in relation to reality were not the most important issue, its aim was to give an uncomplicated and interesting interpretation of world surrounding us. The same concerns the laissez-faire of Friedman. This gives the American economist greater chances of the success than the German a philosopher had. If to examine the criticism of de Soto, Keynes, Polanyi and socialists it it is possible enough to reach the conclusion that they criticize small shortcomings rather than serious professional errors. Following Keynes thoughts, it is possible to say that there are other factors which influence human action then mere economics. However it is worth to remember the fact that at one time we didnt know how to measure the social capital, social tensions, social inequality. Perhaps at one time in the future we will manage to measure even more intangible factors such as love, pain or the dislike. Then when they become measurable and countable, it will be possible to include them in the system of economic exchange, and to check whether being a â€Å"dictator† is still more profitable. It is difficult to force people to retreat from global exchange, in favor to the local one which is fulfilling the social role, as Karl Polanyi wanted. As for de Soto, the poor of developing countries must learn the same lesson as the Americans in The Wild West did- the important of title deeds and the fact that they are liable to an exchange for other goods, that is in short transparency. There remain two questions: how to convince people for acting within the free economy, and how to solve a problem which the laissez-faire doesnt predict? First what is coming to my mind it is a Grameen Bank example. First bank in the world which opened to people without essential capital. The homeless, unescorted women, families in need could take the microcredit fitted to their needs. Everything acting as a bit as in the fairy tale- as people are rising their standard of living and Grameen notes considerable profits. What is more they already have their followers in major banks: Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley, Barclays, BNP Paribas. Of course, just as in every other system there are already certain shortcoming, but one should remember that the project is young. One should appreciate the fact that it is satisfying social needs of the welfare state belongs, and it is not in opposition to the laissez-faire. And if the economic liberalism would be supposed to control entire world, it is in my opinion one of the best solutions we could offer yet. It is as if we corrected the shortcoming of the framework by using the tools that the framework gives us. Maciej Bialoruski, IS UW(International Economic Relations, Wed,16. 45)

Legal Issues Surrounding Personal, Real, and Intellectual Property Research Paper

Legal Issues Surrounding Personal, Real, and Intellectual Property - Research Paper Example This has primarily been because of the changes which have taken place in the all-round development of human being. This paper focuses mainly on the implication of the technology on all legal systems which affect property at all levels i.e. definition, acquisition and conveyance. A clear definition of what personal property, real property and now the modern intellectual property is given some weight of focus. It is the stand of this paper that understanding the definitions which surround these keywords is the fundamental necessity which opens a door of understanding into the legal frameworks which govern them. Accessing the property of whatever kind in this century is defined by legal frameworks and this research aims at singling out those general principles which govern the same. There are also the common legal issues that definitely surround the personal, real and intellectual property and this research has centered on them so that the impact which the technology has brought on the same is known. When you know the law, you will know how to navigate its course. This research aims at making you know the law and be in a position to apply it without fear or doubt of any kind. Amendments are also very inevitable and this research makes a proposal of what needs to be changed so that both ethics and legalizations can be at par in serving the 21st century generations. It is noted that this generation is the most advanced in terms of technology than any other time in human history thus the new changes need incorporation in the legal frameworks. It is needless to say that the inter-relationships is also observed and all the strengths and weaknesses analyzed. Introduction Popular law makers have often quoted the words of Bentham that no property no law. This is quite very true because every conduct of human being is property oriented. It may take centuries before everybody comes into agreement that everybody engages in everyday activities with an aim of acquiring some fo rm of property. Property, since time immemorial, has been used to define most of the social human structures the major one being legal frameworks. It is even a known fact that according to the prevailing condition of a social-political and economic condition, the legal frameworks have been used into bequeathing rights of ownership of property. This has though been based on previous experiences of any community setting. A turn of things in legal circles was born when science and technology began yielding its best. The law of property had to inevitably be changed to incorporate the new definitions of property. Due to this aspect, the ideal of intellectual property was born. Since the conception of this kind of property, its protection has been of major concern mainly because of its intangible nature. New rules and regulations have been formed to protect and enforce intelligent property. This paper will explore deeply into the forms of properties known today and there legal implication s. Distinction of Real, Personal and Intellectual properties Real The distinction between these forms of properties is very interesting. Before introduction of technology, which came and complicated the legal system, a real property would simply imply anything which was attached to the ground. This basically included things which were â€Å"planted† on the ground like houses and other structures or anything

European History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

European History - Essay Example The ideas of these same great leaders, however, triggered the outbreak of two great wars – the American and the French Revolutions – in the latter part of the 1700s. These people had high regard for man, being superior over all of God’s creations because of his ability to reason. Relatively, they contrasted reason with what they believed were in dominance during the Middle Ages – the uncritical acceptance of authority, together with superstition and ignorance. These individuals also blamed the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church for keeping the people in the dark in order to satisfy their personal ambition, which was to stay in power. Among the products of the Enlightenment Age was Francois-Marie Arouet, popularly known as Voltaire. A native of Paris, France, and a son of a lawyer, Voltaire studied in a Jesuit school wherein most students came from the nobility. His company was sought by the Paris society due to his extraordinary ability to write verses, as well as his ability to make people laugh and because of his natural cleverness. Voltaire became extremely wealthy through inheritance and wise investment. He also became popular and was considered to be the greatest French playwright of his time. However, in 1726, his success came to an end when the Chevalier de Rohan a young and influential nobleman had him beaten by his men before having him thrown into the Bastille again as prisoner. According to historians, it all started when the Chevalier de Rohan asked for Voltaire’s name in a mocking manner; the former’s question implied that the latter was claiming to be of noble descent when in fact he was nothing but a commoner. During the time he was in prison, Voltaire was allowed to choose between remaining a prisoner in France or to be put on exile. Upon choosing the latter, Voltaire left France and lived in England for three years, where he found

Ant 101 Australian Aboriginals Essay Example for Free

Ant 101 Australian Aboriginals Essay The Australian Aborigines are a nomadic band of people that roam the outback of Australia. They walk for miles a day, rest at night, and then walk some more the next day. The men kill the animals of Australia for food and the women gather what roots and berries that they can find. They travel from place to place according to the seasons. They go where the food is. The Aborigines know that they cannot control the weather or the condition of the land so they learn to live with it. They believe that all plants and animals contain a spirit. They treat nature with respect knowing that the land will provide what they need for their survival. They are a kinship band that has many families. They use the method of general reciprocity to survive. What one male of one family kills for food, they share with the other families in the band, expecting nothing in return. They also use the balanced reciprocity. When they meet other bands they will trade left over food or other items for something of equal value. There are small markets where they can take their belongings and trade for things that they need. The Aborigines believe in the cross-cousins marriage. They marry within the family. Cross-cousins are the children of the opposite-sex siblings. They marry their uncle’s or their aunt’s children. The male will usually move in with his new wife’s family and help to furnish food and other things that they need. Divorce is very easy among the bands because there is no property to divide. It is usually the woman who initiates the divorce. When she gets tired of her mate, or decides that she want Aborigines 4another mate, she leaves him. When a couple no longer sleeps together, then they are considered divorced. When a couple divorces it usually does not affect the family ties. If the woman is breastfeeding then the baby goes with her. The children that are old enough can choose which parent they want to live with. Since they are all in the same family, custody is shared. The men are considered the hunters of the band and the women are the gatherers. The women are the ones who control the population. Because of their constant roaming, their children must be at least 4 years apart. Breastfeeding is a natural form of birth spacing. While a woman is breastfeeding she produces a hormone that stops ovulation and they cannot get pregnant. They cannot carry more than one baby at a time so their other children must be old enough to walk. It is not unusual for a woman to kill or leave a newborn behind to die because of deformity or starvation. They will mostly kill the female and try to keep the male. A Shaman is a healer among the people. They can be male or female, depending on the cultural rules. In some cultures, shamans use their power to cause rather than heal illness. Shamans who make people sick are sometimes said to be using sorcery. Among one Aboriginal community, bad feelings can be caused between groups if it is believed that sorcery has caused someone to die. Religion among the Aborigines is more spiritual. They believe that every living thing has a spirit. Also that a certain totem gave birth to their ancestors in a mythical time and that it holds their spirits. They also believe that the totem controls their health and wellbeing. Their belief is so strong that they will have certain rituals to make sure that the totem is taken care of. Aborigines 5 They believe that Dreamtime is the time that the earth was created. It is what the aborigines live by. Dreamtime has different meanings. They are the source of all spirits, the moral order, ancestral beings and the period of creation. It can all so mean a totem’s spirit. And a certain lay of the land. They believe that their ancestors put certain spirits on the earth during Dreamtime. Also that their ancestors still exist in Dreamtime and they can be used to bridge the natural world with the spiritual world. They believe that the ancestors walked the earth during Dreamtime and marked the territories for all the bands. They also created singlines. They are songs that describe certain mountains and lays of the land so that the bands know what to look for and which way to go in their travels. The Aborigines are adapting to the modern world. They are working with the organizations that are helping them to get ownership of their territories, using dreamtime and songline to point out their boundaries. Aborigines6 Conclusion The Aborigines are a resourceful group of people that get along with nature and know how to survive in the wild. I believe that they will be here for a long time. Aborigines7 Resources Barbara Nowak and Peter Laird/ Cultural Anthropology/ Chapters 3 and 4/ Ashford Libraries.

Narrative of My Escape from Slavery :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about a slave with a half-white mother and a white father. He was born in North Carolina and missed death in the first few days of his life. His mother’s mistress wanted to kill him because he was the son of his mother’s slave master. She went to his mother’s room at night with a knife but his Grandmother saved his life. Not to long after that he and his mother were sold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he was about six or seven years old his mothers old master died which lead to all the saves being divided between the children. He was sent to his father’s wife’s brother-in-law; this separated him from his mother. The way they were divided was that different names of the slave’s were written on a piece of paper and put into a box. Then the children would all draw from the box and see whom they get.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was then sent hundreds of miles away from his mother to the southern states of America. He caused this being sold to a negro trader. The Trader, Mr. Mitchell, was selling a lot of slaves on the way down south but found it hard to sell him. He was a lot whiter then the other slaves which was a problem. This resulted to him being sent to Mr. Seed who he stayed with for a year. He also had a hard time selling him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was finally sold to a man named Dr. Jones who was a Doctor and Cotton Planter. He was taught to mix medicines and sent to the cotton plantation. He also did work in the doctor’s home. A few months after he was then sold to a man named Mr. Smith. He was then about twelve years old. For the next eight years he would be sold to many different traders in many different places.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After many trades, a man named Mr. Gooch who lived in Cashaw County, South Carolina, now owned him. HE was immediately set to the cotton plantation to work. Mr. Gooch gave him bread and meat for allowance. That still wasn’t half enough for him to live on. He was giving hard labor with made him think of his fellow-slaves. HE became tired of the work and tried to run away. He was caught by a trader and set to Lancaster Gaol. Here slaves advertise for their masters to own them.

Kite Runner Essay Redemption Essay

Thesis Statement- The protagonist, Amir, must atone for the sins of his past to enable the creation of new relationships in the future. First Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"I never thought of Hassan and me as friends†¦ history isn’t easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shi’a, and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing† (Hosseini 27) Despite the fact that Amir has spent his entire life in Hassan’s company he does not consider Hassan to be his friend. This is because of social status. Hassan religion is seen to be below Amir and this is why they will never be able to be friends. Hassan does not understand this and takes every opportunity to please Amir, to make him happy. The two boys grew up together, they learned to crawl together, and they later taught each other how to ride a bicycle. But history and religion override all of the mitigation factors in this relationship, and Amir has decided that he doesn’t value this relationship to be anything more than a master and his servant. Q2 â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan- the way he’d stood up for me all those time in the past- and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran† (pg 82) Amir was always trying to please Baba, to make him proud, to seek his approval. Amir was finally able to do this when he won the Kite Flying tournament. Baba had never been so proud. The only task left was for Hassan to run and find the winning kite. After a period of time Amir went to look for Hassan. He found him in the alley with Assed, and other bullies. Hassan had the winning kite, but there was a price to pay for this kite. Nothing is free in this world. Amir witnessed an act of unwavering loyalty from Hassan, as Hassan was being raped in order to keep the kite. Amir had the opportunity to step in and protect his companion, but instead chose to close his eyes. This was the  price he had to pay to receive Baba’s affection, and this haunts Amir for his entire lifetime. Q3 â€Å"Mostly, I remember this: His brass knuckle flashing in the afternoon light; how cold they felt with the first few blows and how quickly they warmed with my blood†¦ for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace. I laughed because I saw that, in some hidden nook in a corner of my mind, I’d ever been looking forward to this† (302) Amir has found Hassan’s son with Assef, leader of the Taliban and rapist. Assef issues a challenge for the boy and Amir accepts, this is Amir’s way of forgiving himself for all of his past sins. He is finally being punished for never stepping in and trying to protect Hassan because of his cowardice. With each physical injury that Assef inflicts Amir is forgiven more and more. This incident will make it possible for Amir to atone himself of his sins and create a future relationship with Sohrab, Hassans son and his part nephew. Second Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"Maybe he would call me Amir Jan like Rahim Khan did. And maybe, just maybe, I would finally be pardoned for killing my mother† (60) Baba, Amir’s father, loved his wife. When she died during child birth it broke his heart. This created initial discord between Amir and Baba. One that was never able to abolish itself. Amir had different interests than Baba; this made it difficult for Amir to please Baba, which made it impossible for Amir to forgive himself for killing his mother at birth. Q2 â€Å"That was when I understood the depth of the pain I had caused, the blackness of the grief I had brought onto everyone, that not even Ali’s paralyzed face could mask his sorrow† (113) Ali grew up with Baba from childhood, and although Ali was their servant they had a long history together. Amir unable to express his feelings to anyone about watching Hassan be raped due to his loyalty has depleted his ability to function. The only way for Amir to rid himself of this guilty is to eliminate its source despite the pain and  anguish it may bring to others. When Ali and Hassan left, Babe cried. This created yet another emotional barrier between Baba and Amir. Q3 â€Å"It’s the happiest day of my life, Amir, he said, smiling tiredly†¦ he watched me joking with Shariff, watched Soraya and me lacing our fingers together, watched me push back a loose curl of her hair. I could see his internal smile.† (175) Amir and Baba left Afghanistan, they went to America. Together they went, leaving behind their part and moving forward together. Both creating new relationships, Baba at the flee market and at his new job, and Amir with Soraya. Leaving their homeland allowed them to forgive each other for the previous mistakes in their own relationship and move forward together in a fresh start. Third Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"The car jerked forward and I felt a tiny hand on my forehead†¦ Sohrab was sobbing† (306) The relationship between Amir and Sohrab is just beginning to develop. They have no past behind them and this will allow them to create their relationship from scratch, no former life holding them back. Amir has redeemed himself and can now create a meaningful future with Sohrab. The memory of Sohrab’s father, Hassan, is not forgotten, but is transformed into a new opportunity to learn from the past and make the right choice. Q2 â€Å"A kinship exists between people who’ve fed from the same breast. Now, as the boy’s pain soaked through my shirt, I saw that a kinship had been taken root between us too. What had happened in that room with Assed had irrevocably bound us† (336) When Amir found Sohrab with the Taliban men he was determined to finally do the right thing, he would leave that building with the child. He was finally receiving the retribution that he deserved for all the times he didn’t stand up to protect Hassan that he just stood and watched. Amir needed to feel punished for all of his buried sins, then he would be redeemed. Amir was able to rescue Sohrab, however ultimately he was rescuing himself. Now a relationship between the two of them is starting to kindle. Q3 â€Å"It was only a smile, nothing more†¦ But I’ll take it. With open arms. Because when spring comes, it melts the snow one flake at a time, and maybe I just witnessed the first flake melting† (391) Amir was finally able to transport Sohrab into America. Amir is learning the roles of a friend, as well as a parent. This relationship between Amir and Sohrab has not been a smooth development, as many relationships are not. There have been roadblocks and situations which have been difficult to remedy, but eventually as time continues to roll on, they will have developed a meaningful relationship. One that was built on trust, friendship and love

Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario Essay

Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics construct a major infrastructure for financial decisions that all managers or supervisors must make on a constant basis. The purpose of this paper is to explain the financial concepts found in this week’s readings and how these concepts relate to the Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario. According to the text reading, â€Å"the principles of finance, described in this section and the two that follow, are based on logical deduction and on empirical observation† (Chapter 2, p. 20). Until the late 1990s, Guillermo’s Furniture Store retained its competitive advantage in the furniture market. The arrival of a new overseas competitor entering the furniture market, decreased furniture prices, and increased labor costs posed as a new challenge for the organization (University of Phoenix, 2009). For several years, Guillermo’s Furniture Store dominated the furniture manufacturing market with the ideal supply of timber to create a variation of types of furniture. As a result, the owner did not know how to forecast the new challenges that faced the company. As the new competition starts to enter the furniture market, these competitors have developed an advanced technology that produces a more customized product to meet consumer demand. With labor costs rising, Guillermo did not realize these changes and how this would affect his current business. Guillermo’s Furniture Store will need to consider the principle of self-interested behavior to help minimize the risks associated with the changes in the furniture business to meet customer expectations. The concept of the principle of self-interested behavior basically implies that with a level playing field in the furniture business meaning all aspects of the business equals one another, then Guillermo will need to act or perform in the best financial interest of his own company. One option for Guillermo’s Furniture Store would be to purchase a high-tech laser lather operating equipment for manufacturing the product. This would be an example of the principle of self-interested behavior as it is an important corollary of this principle (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007). This action will create a more desirable competing action for the benefit of his organization. Guillermo could also consider becoming a furniture manufacturer for a Norway company by facilitating all distributing pathways and this behavior is an example of the principle of valuable ideas. Emery, Finnerty & Stowe state, â€Å"new products or services can create value, so if you have a new idea, you might then transform it into extraordinary positive value for yourself† (Chapter 2, p. 24). This type of behavior is clear if the owner decides to patent the current process for coating the furniture as it creates new ideas. Guillermo will need to consider ways to create value by developing exceptional customer service with the creation of better products and services at the lowest possible price without sacrificing the quality of the product or service. The competition is fierce overseas as a direct result of inexpensive parts and labor. The furniture store will have to create the lowest and best quality product to meet consumer demands. Guillermo will need to meet the competition with its market presence by focusing on remaining competitive with the patent process. In order to make a strategic decision on which process will be best for the furniture store, Guillermo will need to take a closer look at the financial statements to make the financial decision. Strategic analysis of financial transaction is one of the most vital facets of an organization with regard to important business decisions. This type of analysis assists any business owner or manager in deciding which type of alternative or plan would be most beneficial to the company. These decisions should also consider the impact on the market and the competition as well as the organization. Guillermo will need to discover the financial impact of either choice mentioned above to make the best decision. Reference Emery, D. R., Finnerty, J. D., Stowe, J. D. (2007). Corporate Financial Management (3rd ed). Chapter 2: The Financial Environment: Concepts and Principles. Prentice Hall, Inc: A Pearson Education Company. University of Phoenix. Guillermo’s Furniture Store Data. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Corporate Finance-FIN571 website. University of Phoenix (2012). Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Corporate Finance-FIN571 website

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So your friend/sibling/classmate wants you to write her a peer recommendation. Being the awesome friend/sibling/classmate that you are, you've not only agreed to write the letter, but you plan to write the BEST recommendation letter of all time. Apart from good intentions (check!), what else do you need to write an outstanding peer recommendation? This guide will break down the content and structure of peer reference letters so you can help get your bestie into the college of her dreams (which is probably Dartmouth or Davidson, the only colleges I currently know of that require peer evaluations). First, here is your mission, since you've chosen to accept it. The Purpose of the Peer Recommendation So far, only Dartmouth and Davidson ask for a peer evaluation as part of their applications. Some students choose to send one as a supplementary letter of recommendation. This can be a good idea if it adds an important dimension to their application or makes up for lackluster letters from teachers and counselors who don't know them well. In most circumstances, extra material tends to be discouraged, or admissions officers might prefer that the additional letter come from a coach, boss, or other supervisory person. For Dartmouth and Davidson, though, the peer letter of recommendation is an important part of the application. A mediocre one probably won't destroy an application, but a truly outstanding one can give it a serious boost. What a truly outstanding letter can do is give deep insight into a student's character and personality, beyond what a teacher or counselor can communicate in their evaluation. Obviously Dartmouth, as an Ivy League school, is incredibly selective and has high academic expectations. Davidson is also quite selective and chooses highly academically driven students. However, the peer recommendation isn't really meant to rave about a peer's academic abilities. Instead, it can speak to the applicant's character and personality, as well as to how she'll interact socially on a college campus. According to Dartmouth, it doesn't "want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into our interests and your character." Davidson, similarly, says, "You, as a close friend or classmate, know the applicant in a different way than do teachers, counselors, principals, and advisors. Your insights will help us to understand the nature and extent of the respect accorded to the applicant by peers." In addition to a statement of support, Davidson asks peer recommenders to rate their friends on qualities like self-confidence, leadership, concern for others, reaction to criticism, and energy and initiative. As a peer recommender, you can give another dimension to and perspective on your friend's personality and help the admissions committee get to know him/her more deeply. This may sound like a tall order, because it is! But before you start worrying about getting writer's block, read on for suggestions on how to start. How do I help my friend get into college?! How to Write a Strong Peer Recommendation The best rec letters aren't written in a day, and it's definitely a good idea to consult a guide like this, rather than just winging it. Let's break down the steps to writing a great peer recommendation, starting with brainstorming. Step 1: Brainstorm Ah brainstorming, that oft suggested but little used first step. While perhaps you can afford to skip this step in other pieces of writing, I strongly recommend taking the time to do some mental mapping before writing your peer recommendation. The reason for this is that the best recommendation letters are focused and specific. They highlight the most important strengths and impressive qualities in the applicants. Rather than presenting someone as well-rounded in everything, the most memorable reference letters zero in on particular areas. Then they tell specific stories that illustrate and, in a sense, provide evidence for these qualities. There are three main questions you should ask yourself before you start outlining and drafting: What qualities most impress me about my peer? What specific examples and anecdotes can I provide to demonstrate these qualities? What tone should I use to best express my recommendation? Let's consider each of these questions individually. First, what qualities do you want to highlight? I plan to highlight your exceptional fuzziness. Personal Qualities and Traits As you start brainstorming, try to come up with a list of the qualities that most impress you and others about your friend. Is s(he) exceptionally loyal? Supportive? Confident? Adventurous? How about encouraging, mature, energetic, insightful, or brilliant? This is a great stage to consult with your friend and get a sense of what she's writing about in his/her application or if she's applying to any particular program. If she's highlighting her passion for world events and multicultural exchange, for example, you could talk about that time you both went on the school trip to Europe and she conversed with all the people you met. If she's applying to be pre-med, you could talk about her passion for helping people and somewhat annoying tendency to pick science documentaries on movie nights. In other words, find out what your friend is saying in other parts of her application, as well as what's missing. Then figure out how you can both complement and add further dimension to her story. Once you have your list, try to narrow it down to the three or four qualities that best characterize your friend. Consider whether they're the type of qualities that will impress admissions officers (though don't worry too much about this; you don't want your letter to read as if you're just saying what you think they'd like to hear). What I mean is stating that your friend is always the life of the party might come off as immature, whereas saying she takes on a role of leadership in group situations and has a great talent for mobilizing and energizing people might be interpreted more favorably. Once you've narrowed down the traits you'd like to focus on in your letter, you can move onto the second phase of brainstorming: thinking of specific stories and examples. That time you saved Timmy from the well is a perfect example of your bravery and selflessness. Anecdotes and Examples Which of these excerpts is more effective: 1. Anna is a kind person who loves to help others. She is a caring friend and student. 2. When Anna realized our school didn't provide any orientation for new students, she organized a club calledNew Kids on the Block, where new and established students get together to have lunch and share their experiences. This is just one example of her kind and loving spirit and drive to make everyone feel connected and included. The first is fine, but it doesn't do much to differentiate Anna from other applicants whose friends speak of their kind and caring nature. The second, though, proves that Anna cares about others and paints a picture of her organizing a club and bringing students together in the school. Just like you use examples to support your points in a persuasive essay for English class, you can use meaningful stories to illuminate your friend's character. This will sound more powerful and effective, plus it will help your letter stand out among the rest. This approach will make it a more interesting piece of writing overall, rather than a list of positive adjectives that blend together before a tired admission officer's eyes. In other words, don't just tell the college how great your friend is. Show them. Think About Tone Finally, I would suggest considering tone and style. Your recommendation doesn't have to sound especially formal, like most teachers and counselors' letters would. As a peer, you can write more intimately and personally, as well as inject humor into your writing. At the same time, don't try to be funny if comical writing isn't your strong suit. Instead, choose the tone that's most authentic for you and can most powerfully communicate a vision of your friend. Perhaps most important is to sound earnest, sincere, and heartfelt. After you've brainstormed and determined the focus of your letter, it's time to start outlining and drafting. The following structure is a helpful guide for most peer recommendation letters. Structure is very important. Those sticks aren't going to pile themselves. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: Step 2: Outline and Draft Letters of recommendation are typically one page. It may go onto a second page, but I wouldn't advise making it much longer than that. While you can be creative in your presentation, there are a few key elements that all rec letters should include. Let's start with what should go into the introduction. Introduction At the beginning of your evaluation, you should state your support for your friend's application to the school. You should also say who you are, what your relationship to the applicant is, and how long you've known her. This gives weight to your qualifications to assess the applicant. If there are any other special circumstances that make you an especially good person to evaluate her, then you can include those as well. All of these elements - your statement of support, introduction of yourself, and qualifier of your relationship - could be wrapped into one, or stated separately, like in these few examples. I'm so excited to picture Allie on Dartmouth's campus. I have no doubt that she will bring the same infectious energy, silly humor, and deep friendship with her that she's shown to me and our peers all through high school. I'm honored and excited to provide this statement of support for David, who I recommend without reservation for Davidson College. When I was the nervous new kid in 6th grade, Sam didn't hesitate to invite me to sit next to her at lunch and show me around the school. Her caring and compassion for others, combined with her fearlessness in making new friends, makes me completely certain that she'll have no trouble adjusting to college campus life. From study groups to sleepovers, track meets to a tour bus on our school trip to Italy, I've gotten to know Jess as a student, athlete, explorer, and, most importantly, best friend. Again, it's up to you to decide how exactly you want to start your recommendation, but your introductory paragraph should include an actual statement of recommendation, along with the context of your relationship to the applicant and hint as to why it makes you qualified to assess him/her. Which brings us to the next part of the letter, the actual evaluation of your friend. Let me tell you a story... Assessment: Description and Stories Once you've made the proper introductions, you can dive into the meat of your recommendation: your assessment of and stories about your friend. Again, don't feel like you have to run down the list of every well-rounded quality you can think of. The best recommendation letters dive deep into a few key characteristics, rather than trying to cover everything in one page. Do you ever hear so much about a person that you feel like you've met her in real life? That's what your letter can help do for admissions officers. Assuming they won't actually meet her, your letter, along with the other recommendations and personal essay, can help your friend come alive as a complex, multi-faceted individual poised to take on a successful role at their college. In about two paragraphs, you can present what's so impressive about your friend, of course including stories and examples to back it up. Here are a couple examples. When we got hopelessly lost down the winding alleys of Venice, Jess sprang into action, calling on her advanced knowledge of Italian to communicate with locals and lead us out of the maze. When David and I go hiking, he has an almost encyclopedic knowledge of both the common and scientific names of every plant, flower, and tree that we walk past. You might be wondering if you should present weaknesses in your letter. Will discussing only strengths come off as overblown and insincere? Most schools do encourage evaluators to present a balanced view of a candidate, and suggesting areas for growth won't necessarily detract from the impression you make. A good rule of thumb is to present more strengths than weaknesses to balance them out, as well as to suggest how that weakness can be viewed as a strength. For instance, Sam can be overly critical of herself at times, but she uses her high expectations to be always improving herself. When she scored lower than expected on her first chemistry test, she sprang into study mode and used her disappointment to fuel her motivation and ace the next one. Sam strongly believes in her capacity to continually grow, learn, and improve. Overall, I believe you can rave about your friend while still maintaining a realistic and balanced tone, along with including the examples and stories to back up your evaluation. Finally, you can use the conclusion to reiterate how much you believe in your friend. Let's wrap this up...I have a very important nap to take. Conclusion In the conclusion to your peer recommendation, it's a good idea to restate your support for your friend, much as you did in the introduction, as well as describe how you envision her at college. Just like pieces of writing can grab a reader's attention with a strong hook at the beginning, they can leave a memorable impression with a strong statement at the end. Think of the main impression you want to leave in admissions officers' minds after they finish reading. Why is it in their and the college's best interest to accept your friend? Brian is the most talented, motivated, and well-spoken person I know. I recommend him enthusiastically for admission to Dartmouth. Sam has always aspired to study medicine and help make the world a healthier and more equitable place. I truly can't think of anyone better suited for this role. Who's that person I see in the bustling newsroom, writing groundbreaking stories as lead editor of The Dartmouth one year from today? Oh right, that's Sam. She's doing an amazing job, just as we all knew she would. After drafting your letter of recommendation, go ahead and hit submit. Just kidding. You should definitely take the time to revise this important piece of writing. Not just yet, carrier pigeon...there's still some revising to do. Step 3: Revision Hurray! You have your first draft of your peer recommendation complete. Now how can you make it even better? First off, I would again encourage you to check that you've given explicit examples and stories. Make sure it doesn't sound too abstract and uses anecdotes to demonstrate, rather than simply describe. As they say (whoever "they" is), actions speak louder than words. Additionally, consider your word choice. Did you use "nice" when "generous" or "compassionate" might have been more appropriate? I'm not saying to use a thesaurus and add long synonyms where plain words work just as well, but check that you're using accurate and powerful words that express exactly what you want to say about your friend. It's also good to avoid cliches and consider how you can phrase your sentences in a fresh and creative way. In a similar sense, pay close attention to your phrasing and consider whether it could come off in the wrong way. You might want to ask someone else to read it and give you feedback. For instance, you might want to express how close your friendship is by saying, "My friend is so loyal that we've done everything together since elementary school." While this sounds great to you, it might come off as if your friend is disinterested in connecting with other people. Make sure that your phrasing is on point and won't be taken as a negative when you mean it to be positive. You may even show the letter to your friend for feedback and comments. This is up to you, as recommendation letters are generally thought to be confidential and you're not obligated to show her. Once you've made sure the spelling, grammar, and sentence structure is flawless and it reads as a powerful statement of support for your friend, you can go ahead and submit the letter to the college. Step 4: Submit Your Letter As peer recommender, you absolutely must get your recommendation in by the stated deadline. Make sure you know when that deadline is and exactly how to submit (no frantic midnight phone calls about the Common App website being down or your internet not working). Your friend will invite you as the "Other Recommender" on the Common App for Dartmouth, and you'll likely upload your Davidson recommendation here. Once everything's done and submitted, you can give yourself a pat on the back. You're an awesome friend! Job well done! Time to stretch, maybe throw on a party hat. Final Thoughts One of the most important takeaways of this guide to writing a peer recommendation is that animals are super cute and photogenic. A second important point (and one that's actually relevant) is that you don't have to be formal, comment on your friend's academic abilities, or try to emulate a teacher or counselor. Instead, your letter can shed light on your friend's personality, character, and social skills. The best letters are specific and vivid. Rather than using generic praise or speaking in cliches, they are fortified with real examples and stories. Your writing should demonstrate that you know your friend well and are qualified to assess her. Above all, remember your mission: helping your friend get accepted to college (and probably a selective, competitive college like Dartmouth or Davidson). Convince the admissions officers of your friend's outstanding qualities, and show them why they need her at their school. What's Next? Is getting into an Ivy League school like spinning a roulette wheel for everyone, or do some students have much higher chances than others? Read this complete guide on How to Get Into Harvard by a Harvard alum, and learn how you can up the odds in your favor. Besides getting strong recommendations, you want to make sure every aspect of your application tells a powerful and unique story about who you are as a student and person. Learn more about how to build a versatile college application. Are you or your friend applying to Dartmouth? This article discusses how to get a great peer recommendation specifically for this competitive Ivy League school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

FAT file systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FAT file systems - Essay Example File Allocation Tables (FAT) is of huge significance to the users of Compact Flash (CF) because the requirement of FAT type is different for the devices that are optimized with over 2.14 gigabytes (GB) of storage capacity unlike those that require only 2.13 GB. This topic has gained huge importance specifically after the hard disk’s application into the personal computers. This paper tends to create awareness among the camera users regarding the FAT through a comprehensive discussion of its history. Introduction: The subject of this white paper is the illustration of FAT File Systems. This white paper is directed at creating an understating among the users of camera regarding the File Allocation Tables, which are generally referred to as FAT. Because of the disparity between the need of FAT type among different devices, Compact Flash (CF) users need to be given a thorough understanding of the FAT so that they may be able to make the right choice as per their device. The scope of this white paper is limited to the discussion of history of FAT File Systems along with a brief review of the relation of FAT with the Compact Flash (CF) devices which generate files with sizes up to 5+ mega pixels. This white paper first gives a comprehensive account of the historical background of FAT. This is followed by a review of the use of FAT File Systems in CF. Finally, the findings are concluded in the last section. History of FAT File System: Development of FAT File System: In February, 1976, during his stay at the Albuquerque’s Hilton Hotel spanning five days, a child known as Bill Gates who has gained immense fame for his contributions in the world of computer developed and coded FAT (Gilbert). â€Å"FAT was designed for small disks and simple folder structures† (Microsoft). Replacement of floppy disks with double-sided diskettes: The original Personal Computers made use of floppy disks for carrying the data whose capacity usually used to be 180 kilobyt es. After the floppy disks, use of double-sided diskettes increased. The double-sided diskettes used to be double the capacity of the floppy disks and were up to 5 ? inches in size. The initial DOS developers indicated the relation of sectors to individual files as well as identified the vacant tables by creating tables with a view to organizing the data. As a result of this, the Operating System (DOS) was able to use the limited space on the double-sided diskettes to the maximum limit. There was no more the need of availability of a continuous series of sectors for saving the files. It was possible to break up the data for the files and distribute that everywhere in the double-sided diskette in an increasingly organized and sequenced fashion; a process that is frequently referred to as fragmentation. Nevertheless, it was fortunate in those times to be able to keep the data in one diskette because one would not need to switch the diskettes in and out alternately time and again while the program’s operation would continue. Selection of table length: There are 768 sectors upon a diskette with a capacity of 360 KB. This required the table to be large enough in order to determine every single sector of the total of 768. There was also the requirement of some room for expansion because the developers were aware of the on-going creation of larger diskettes. Number of possible values permitted by the use of one byte per table did not exceed 512, so that would not practically serve the purpose. On the other hand, two bytes would waste the disk space by permitting 16384 entries. Thus, decision had to be made somewhere in between one and two bytes. So finally, table with the length of 12 bits that were equal to 1.5 bytes were chosen so that the usage of sectors on the first double-sided diskettes could be traced. As a result of this, 4096 possible values were permitted. Such a FAT table was able to deal with storage devices with the capacity as large as 2 GB prov ided that each entry

Law of tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law of tort - Essay Example Amy was likely to have a tort of negligence against Bob. This is the omission to do something that a reasonable person guided by considerations that regulate ordinarily, the conduct of human affairs would do or not do. In this case, to succeed in the action of negligence, Amy should be able to prove; a legal duty of care, that the defendant was in breach of the legal duty and that the act of breach led to the suffering of the damages. With regards to the duty of care, Amy will have to prove that Bob owed her the duty of care. Applying the rule of Atkins where the rule that you have to love your neighbor becomes in the law that you must not injure your neighbor. Arguing along this line, Bob's neighbor was Amy and because of Bob's careless driving, he ended up injuring Amy (Heather, 2004). On the other hand, it can be possible that there was a breach of duty when Bob carelessly drove his care leading to the injury of Amy. This is something he could have avoided by simple standard care required when driving. Finally, since negligence is not actionable, Amy should prove that the injury sustained was due to breach as a result of Bob's carelessness. Before the accident, Amy was physically well, however, because of the accident, Amy sustained injuries. This enough proof of the negligence. The state that has the jurisdiction over the case is Colorado, however, Washington may also claim the same. Jurisdiction may be defined as the power of the court to make a decision on a case that will be enforceable by the authorities as well as other courts.

Students must demonstrate the ability to identify, assemble, and Research Paper

Students must demonstrate the ability to identify, assemble, and disseminate extant information relating to a topic in - Research Paper Example 205). Majority of Americans, whether supporters of the Republicans, the Democrats or Independent candidates, have repeatedly put into perspective the religious beliefs, values, and principles of political contenders in the run up to the country’s elections. For instance, religious affiliations of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, Bill Clinton, George Bush, John F. Kennedy, William Howard, Ronald Reagan, and Barrack Obama among others played significant part in view of their chances to clinch the presidency. While most of these candidates were purportedly Christians going by the official membership, American electorates also considered a number of them Muslims, deists, or even atheists (Newport, p. 205). In essence, religious affiliations always became subject of scrutiny and criticism during political campaigns and had significant impact in the candidate’s ability to articulate his plans and schema for the country and citizens. Controversies that surrounded Mitt Romney ’s religious affiliations played a role in his shocking loss to President Obama. Review of Literature Religious affiliations of political candidates have boosted or narrowed down their chances to clinch the presidency and other political positions in the United States. ... Even political parties have been subject of scrutiny as far as religion is concerned. In essence, most allegations lack substantial proof and attestation. Various scholars have attested to the issue of religious belief and affiliation especially during campaign periods in America. According to Fisher and Koch (2004, p. 62), Roman Catholics emerged as the most preferred religious affiliation by most presidents. However, their book The Entrepreneurial College President, indicate a huge disparity in terms of the chances that a Roman Catholic presidential candidate has to become an effective president of the Unites States. Hence, there is serious underrepresentation of the Roman Catholics by considering the number of effective presidents they ever produced since the country attained its political independence. In their analysis, a meager 24.5 percent indicated preference for a Roman Catholic president (Fisher & Koch, p. 62). The trend is more shocking when one considers the Baptist presi dential representation. Apparently, Americans who subscribe to the Baptist denomination constitute a skimpy 16.3 percent of the entire population. The mainstream Protestant denominations such as the Lutheran, the Methodist, and Presbyterian are surprisingly overrepresented despite their minimal frequency in the entire country’s population. According to Fischer and James, the Presbyterian Church constitutes less than 3 percent (precisely 2.7 percent) yet it enjoys massive representation in the overall presidency outlook (Fisher & Koch, p. 62). However, the study indicated no preference for a Muslim president notwithstanding realism of the religion constituting a significant percentage of the

Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Paragraph - Essay Example more, the authors also emphasize that the number of individuals that develop diabetes would mean an increase in government expenses to fight the disease. Moreover, Cresswell states that there are 275 Australians who develop diabetes per day, which matches Robotham’s statement that 100,000 Australians develop diabetes annually. While both Cresswell’s and Robotham’s articles have many similarities, they also have some differences. First, Cresswell discusses in his article a study in 1999 to 2000 involving 11, 247 participants while Robotham did not mention this at all. Second, Cresswell also mentions that aside from the 275 individuals who develop diabetes daily, there are already one millions Australians who have the disease. Robotham does not mention this in her article either. Third, Cresswell again is very specific when he writes that the government expenses in fighting diabetes would cost around $3 billion annually, while Robotham merely says that the diabetes epidemic will have a big impact on the government’s health budget. Finally, Cresswell states that 25% of schoolchildren are already overweight, while Robotham mentions that younger individuals gain weight faster than middle age adults

The Evolution Of Telemedicine Health And Social Care Essay

The Evolution Of Telemedicine Health And Social Care Essay Who would have ever imagined that a doctors visit could be conducted through a phone-line, video, or the use of a computer 1000 plus miles away? Medical records can be view by another medical professional for a second opinion three counties away before you arrive. A radiologist in Singapore has diagnosis your femur fracture here in the United States. Medical diagnosis, treatment and consultations are being performed from miles away because of technology. It seems as if there is no limitation to the well being of a patient through a wide range of telemedicine services. What is telemedicine? According to the American Telemedicine Association telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients health status. Emails, videoconferencing, transmission of still images, e-health including patient portals, remote monitoring of vital signs, continuing medical education and nursing call centers are all considered part of telemedicine.(http://www.americantelemed.org) This interactive form of medical services has provided healthcare to individuals many miles away or minutes away in the comfort of their homes, physician offices and hospitals. Ways to communicate services Store-and -forward is a means of transmission of medical information to other medical professionals and facilities that will provide the recipient pertinent medical history, vital signs, medical records, lab results and images. Store-and-forward telemedicine systems have the ability to capture and store digital still or moving images of patients, as well as audio and text data. A store-and-forward system eliminates the need for the patient and the clinician to be available at the same time and place. Store-and-forward is therefore an asynchronous, no interactive form of telemedicine. It is usually employed as a clinical consultation (as opposed to an office or hospital visit). (http://www.ahrq.gov) One of the major concerns with store and forward is whether it is as effective as face to face medical visits, does it have comparable outcomes, is it appropriate for appropriate medical management, is the patient truly satisfied with the outcome and level of services and is it cost effect ive? There are several benefits of store-and-forward technology. Patients in rural areas are able to be seen by specialty physician miles away when there is limited access to the services in the area. The store-and-forward of medical information is also being used with emergency response teams to communicate the information to the emergency room staff for an efficient transfer of vitals and medical status. The store and forward technology is said to be the least expensive way to communicate and the most accurate in real time for patients at a distance needing medical consultation. Another type of store and forward technology is videoconferencing technology. The two way television allows two doctors in two different areas to communicate to provide treatment, a diagnosis, or telesurgery. There are several healthcare areas that benefit from telemedicine Some of the common teleservices Telemedicine includes several medical disciplines that benefit from the services. Services like radiology, dermatology, nursing, pharmacy, pathology, neurology and psychiatry. The need for a second opinion in healthcare has seen a demand, and the shortage of specialty doctors in rural areas increased. The development of telemedicine has benefited the patient in many ways because of technology. Teleradiology- is the transmission of x-ray, CT, MRI, PET, and SPEC images that can be read by radiologist in another facility or country. The information is sent via the store and forward process of telemedicine. Large and small hospitals have began to use teleradiolgist to cut down on expense and having access to immediate diagnosis. Teledermatology- is the use of video conferencing and store and forward images to provide a consultation for an individual that requires a dermatologist. There have been concerns with the consistency of this tyoe of visit for patients due to unclear images of the skin and the possibility of not having that face to face visual from the dermatologist to make an adequate diagnosis. Telenurse- the use of phone, electronic email, videoconferencing, and computers to provide healthcare services or consultation to a patient. Telenusring has continued to grow in the areas of telephone triage for health insurance carriers. Telenursing has grown with interactive patient training related to changing wound dressings, insulin administering, self management of a patients health. Reimbursement Many of the healthcare providers must follow certain guidelines to receive payment for telemedicine. According to Medicare its condition for payment must include an interactive audio and video telecommunications system that is used and must permit real-time communication between the physician or practitioner at the distant site and the beneficiary at the originating site. The medical providers that are covered under this fee for payment are services rendered by a physician, nurse, physician assistant, midwife, clinical nurse specialist, or clinical psychologist. The current list of Medicare telehealth services includes: Consultations Office or other outpatient visits Individual psychotherapy Pharmacologic management Psychiatric diagnostic interview examination End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)-related services Neurobehavioral status examination For ESRD-related services, at least one face-to-face, hands on visit (not telehealth) must be furnished each month to examine the vascular access site by a physician, NP, PA, or CNS. (http://www.cms.hhs.gov) New Trends in telemedicine Trends observed nationally include: using telemedicine in correctional facilities and home health care settings, can significantly reduce the time and costs of patient transportation; providing additional services to rural area linking physicians together more efficiently linking hospitals and schools together to improve care and widespread The benefits With a growing population and healthcare on the rise many public and private medical providers have seen a cost reduction with the use of telemedicine and patients have benefited from the technology in telemedicine. Insurance providers are paying for less hospital in patient days because the patient can be monitored from a distance. The patients are able to communicate with a nurse or physician at home through phone, video, or Bluetooth monitoring. Telemedicine allows more freedom to the patient to feel less restricted to home visits, they have access to some providers 24 hours a day and it cuts down on their travel time to medical visits. The patients family has also displayed satisfaction from the use of telemedicine because its less strenuous on their travel time and loss of work days. Another benefit of telemedicine provides an outreach to rural areas to be included in clinical trial studies and procedures. The providers have also benefited because they are able to receive real t ime feedback from other professionals that are able to transmitted medical information quickly, decreased travel time, and continued patient education and communication. Issues that need to be addressed Education regarding telemedicine and its usage. There are concerns that many do not know that he services exist. Cost and evaluation of the services. Will the cost for reimbursement be lower because there is no face to face contact? How will the affects of technology increase cost? Liability and malpractice issues. Out of state practices of medical professionals crossing their licensed boundaries. How will they be regulated and which state laws and rules will they be governed under? Security is always a concern regarding information sent via phone and internet lines. Can medical information be protected properly and the doctors will be held liable for the misappropriation of a patients medical information. Although there are HIPPA laws regarding patients privacy according to ORTCC its much more difficult to guarantee confidentiality because several individuals outside the traditional medical team. The transmission procedure requires technical staff at both ends. In small communities, it is possible that the patient knows the nonmedical personnel socially, compounding the sense of loss of privacy. Thus, the nature of the doctor patient relationship changes dramatically with telemedicine, challenging traditional concepts of privacy and confidentiality. (http://www.ortcc.org) Conclusion With technology making waves telemedicine has been able to grow through leaps and bounds allowing those that are limited and restricted to receive the medical attention of medical professionals. Physician has gain quicker access to other professionals without sitting face to face, digital images, and audio files of heartbeats and fetal movements. The privacy, protection, reimbursement, malpractice, and governing laws are still a concern but the efficiency of communication to provide medical care is needed.

B. F. Skinner Essays -- essays research papers

B. F. Skinner Burris Frederic Skinner was born on March 20th, 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His mother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary, in a law office and later in a railroad chief executive's office. His father, William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorney at a New York Law School. Skinner's parents were both good students. His father had bought several sets of books, so there was a lot of reading material their children. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, except for the time they washed his mouth out with soap for bad language. (Ulrich, 1997) B. F. Skinner was very adventurous child. He lead a 300 mile canoe trip down the Susquehanna River when he was only 13 years old. He was a natural inventor and he loved build things. One of his inventions included a device that automatically reminded him to hang up his pajamas in the morning. He played the saxophone in a jazz band during high school and played piano until his failing eyesight made it hard for him to read the music. In college, he was very independent, and sometimes even a prankster. He graduated from Hamilton College in 1926 and later received his P.h.D. in psychology at Harvard University. (Ulrich, 1997) John B. Watson John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina on January 9th 1878. He went to college at Furman University and the University of Chicago. Watson created "Psychological behaviorism" in 1912. He told the world about his theory of behaviorism in a 1913 paper entitled ``Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.'' In the paper he described Behaviorism as the part of psychology that shows behavior as "a series of observable movements in time and space". (Turner, 1997) He rejected both conscious and unconscious mental activities and defined behavior as a response to a stimulus. A few of John B. Watson's literary works include the following books and papers: Animal Education, Behavior, Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist, Behaviorism, and Psychological Care of Infant and Child. (Turner, 1997) Along with his own theories of behaviorism, Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is based on the idea that "we behave the way we do because this kind of behavior has ... ...duces the stimulus."(Skinner, 1938) For Skinner's Behaviorism Page 7 example, Skinners cat tries to remove his flea collar because it irritates his sensitive skin. Skinner removes the collar from the cat as a form of negative reinforcement. (Skinner, 1938) In his time, B. F. Skinner attempted to make a lot of changes in modern psychology. Made people didn't agree with his changes because he didn't think that psychology had to do with feels or emotions. He felt that psychology had suffered in the past because it tried to explain human behavior in terms of feelings and states of mind. Skinner thought that psychology had wasted a lot of time making theories about the mind and personality. He suggested that psychology should only deal with behavior that is "observable in the world in which it occurs." (Henderson, 1990) In conclusion, B. F. Skinner was a very intelligent man that viewed behavior as "a response to a stimulus." Though he may have based his theories mostly on animal testing and he many have even portrayed man as a being without feelings, creativity, or morality, he was truly great and saw behaviorism like no one had seen it before. (Skinner, 1938)